A pressure relief valve (PRV) is subject to the possibility of undetected failure, just as any other safety device that sits quietly for long periods before being relied upon to perform its function. Recognizing this potential, industry codes and standards, such as the National Board Inspection Code (NB23), API 510, and API RP 581, require periodic testing of PRVs to ensure failures are caught and corrected promptly to limit the risk of PRV failure on demand. In Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA), the reliability of the PRD is one of the key inputs in determining whether a pressurized system is designed with sufficient layers of protection against overpressure. Typically, a LOPA safety engineer will claim one or two credits of protection for reliable relief valve operation.
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