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Fitness-for-Service for Asset Management of Air Coolers

Air-cooled heat exchangers (ACHEs) are designed to use ambient air to cool or condense a process fluid, which eliminates the need for large cooling water capacities. In this article, Kate and Ben discuss how a fitness-for-service (FFS) assessment can be a very powerful tool in air cooler lifecycle management to improve inspection planning and guide run, repair, or replace decisions.

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Reliability Issues Associated with Brazed Aluminum Heat Exchangers

Brazed aluminum heat exchangers (BAHXs) are distinctly prone to several damage mechanisms, including thermal fatigue, cracking, and corrosion. In this comprehensive article, the author uses a 2016 BAHX failure to explain typical BAHX reliability and maintenance issues and provide an overview of practical damage mitigation techniques.

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Commentary on the High-Temperature Behavior of Welds

Welds are often the weak links in pressure equipment and other structures, especially when operated at elevated operating temperatures. This article highlights the importance of understanding the high-temperature behavior of welds, specifically in relation to creep response, and discusses how creep testing helps to predict remaining life.

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Leveraging Process Simulation for Informed Decision-Making

Process simulation models changes to a process, operations, or pressure relieving systems. Proactively simulating proposed changes at your facility will save money, improve safety process, and increase equipment reliability. In this article, you’ll read how investing in the long-term maintenance of your simulations will lead to better insights into the downstream effects of any changes and help you troubleshoot any process upsets.

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Managing Tube Rupture Failure Risks in Pressure Relief Systems

API 521 outlines the requirements for analyzing the credibility of a tube rupture and how to design overpressure protection in heat exchangers. Determining the credibility of a tube rupture can save a facility money on costly mitigation measures. In this article, you’ll learn about E2G’s proprietary tube rupture credibility assessment (TRCA) methodology and the four components needed to address API 521 requirements.

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Large-Scale SFS Projects

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires owner-users to maintain essential documentation authenticating adequate design and maintenance of pressure vessels and storage tanks. Unfortunately, it is not uncommon to find equipment operating in industry with minimal or no documentation. In this article, Bob Davis and Stephanie Dux discuss how large-scale SFS projects are an efficient and effective way to evaluate equipment on a defined schedule. SFS projects provide guidance on roles and responsibilities, methodologies, assumptions, and documentation of results.

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Basics of Rerating Equipment

Today, most in-service equipment remains in use for many years, or decades, beyond its intended design life. Throughout that extended service life, the process conditions can change, affecting equipment reliability. In this article, Matt Schaser discusses the importance of conducting rerates on equipment to meet jurisdictional requirements and use a variety of case studies to highlight some options available when performing a rerate assessment.

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Leveraging Advanced Analysis for Coke Drum Reliability

Coke drums in delayed coker units present many reliability problems because they are subjected to unique types of damage mechanisms due to their operation.  Thermal fatigue cracking is common in regions of high thermal stress due to frequent and severe thermal cycling.  Bulging is also common because of this severe thermal cycling that creates hot and cold spots due to channeling effects in the coke formation that results in thermal ratcheting or progressive cyclic plastic strain accumulation. 

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Fundamentals of Design by Analysis

Combining design by analysis (DBA) methods with modern computational approaches provides critical engineering tools for evaluating the structural integrity of in-service equipment and new equipment designs. To know which DBA technique to employ, it is essential to understand all possible failure modes based on equipment operation and loading scenarios. In this article, Phillip offers a high-level overview of modern DBA techniques and procedures for providing protection against plastic collapse, local failure, buckling, and cyclic failure.

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